Kuonekwa kwe African swine fever (ASF) munguruve dzesango dzakawanda mumakomo eColserolaChiitiko ichi, chinoitika munharaunda yeAutonomous University yeBarcelona (UAB), yakamisa mabhero muSpanish pork sector. Zvinosanganisira yekutanga yakasimbiswa kubuda muSpain kubva munaNovember 1994, pashure pemakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu umo nyika yakanga yachengeta chimiro chayo chokusava nehosha.
Vakuru vanosimbirira kuti Hapana ngozi kune hutano hwevanhuAfrican swine fever (ASF) haiparadzirwe kuvanhu kuburikidza nekubata zvakananga nemhuka kana nekudya nyama kana zvigadzirwa zvenyama. Kunyange zvakadaro, hupfumi uye hutano hunokanganisa nguruve dzemumba uye nguruve dzemusango dzekuEurope Inogona kunge yakakura, saka mapuroteni ese ekukurumidzira akaitwa nekukasira.
Kuti denda rakaonekwa sei uye chii chinozivikanwa nezvekwakabva
Veterinary services yeGeneralitat yakazivisa Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA) nezve Nguruve dzemusango mbiri dzakafa dzakawanikwa musi wa25 Mbudzi ne26. munharaunda yeUAB yeBellarra campus, mukati meguta re Cerdanyola del Valles (Barcelona). Mhuka, dzinowanikwa pa kureba kwekiromita imwe cheteVakaonekwa vaine hutachiona hweASF mushure mekuongororwa kwakaitwa neve Central Veterinary Laboratory yeAlgete (Madrid).
Mumazuva anotevera, Dzimwe nguruve dzesango dzakafa dzinenge ina dzakawanikwa munzvimbo imwe cheteyo yeColserola.Izvi zvinounza huwandu hwenyaya dzinofungidzirwa kana dzakasimbiswa dzine chekuita nechirwere ichi kusvika kunhanhatu. Kuongororwa kwekutanga kwakaitwa mumarabhoritari eCatalan kunongedza chirwere chimwe chete, kuchimirira kusimbiswa kwekupedzisira kubva kuNational reference laboratory.
Nyanzvi dzehutano hwemhuka kubva kunzvimbo dzakaita se Maggot (Animal Health Research Center) vava kushanda pa kutevedzana kwehutachiona kuona kuti nderipi uye nekwaanogona kunge akabva. Imwe yefungidziro patafura ndeyekuti Mabviro ane hukama nemasara ane hutachiona anotakurwa neiyo AP-7 motaway.kungave kuburikidza nemarara echikafu anoraswa munzvimbo dzebasa kana zvinhu zvakanamirwa kumotokari dzakapfuura nemunzvimbo dzakakanganisika mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope.
Maererano nenyanzvi, "zvine musoro" izvozvo nyama ine utachiona yasara kana nyama yenguruve Inogona kunge yakabatwa kana kumwiwa nenguruve dzemusango muColserola, ichiita senzvimbo yekupinda yeAfrican swine fever (ASF) munzvimbo iyi. Izvi, chero zvakadaro, fungidziro iri kuferefetwa, saka zviremera zvinokurudzira kuchenjerera kusvikira mhedzisiro yakazara yekutevedzana uye epidemiological analysis iripo.
Chirwere chakakomba chemhuka, asi icho chisingapfuudzwa kuvanhu.
Kunyangwe zita racho ringaite serinotyisa, iyo PPA ndeye chirwere chemhuka cheteZvinokanganisa nguruve dzemumba, nguruve dzemusango dzekuEurope uye nguruve dzemuAfrica, asi haisi zoonosisVanhu havagone kutapukirwa nekubata mhuka kana nekudya zvinhu zvinobva mazviri.
IEuropean Union inoronga ASF se chikamu A chirwerezvinoreva kuti Nhengo dzeNyika dzinosungirwa kuita shandisa zvakasimba kudzora uye kubvisa matanho kubva pakuonekwa kwechirwere. Hapana mushonga unowanikwa mune zvekutengesa unobvumira kudzivirira kuwanda, uye Matambudziko akanyanya hutachiona anogadzira kufa uye huwandu hwehurwere hunogona kusvika ku100% mupurazi renguruve..
Specialized veterinarians, akadai Christian de la Fe, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeMurciaVanoona kuti kukanganisa kunoenderana nekusiyana kwehutachiona uye mamiriro emhuka, asi simbisa izvozvo Utachiona hwenguruve hunogona kuparadza zvakanyanyaKutapurirana kunoitika kunyanya kuburikidza kusangana kwakananga pakati pemhuka dzine utachiona uye dzine hutano kana na kusangana nezvinhu zvine utachiona (biological zvisaririra, zvipfeko, shangu, mota, chikafu chisina kurapwa kana zvigadzirwa).
Sector masangano, akadai seyo interprofessional organisation Interporc kana sangano revashandirwi Interporc jasi jenaVaida kusimbisa meseji yakakosha: Hapana ngozi kune kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya kana hutano hwevanhuMukutaura kwavo, vanosimbirira kuti iyi idambudziko rehutano hwemhuka uye kutengeserana kwenyika, asi kwete kutyisidzira vatengi.
Europe neAfrica swine fever: dambudziko rakapararira kubvira 2014
African swine fever (ASF) yakatanga muna Sub-saharan africaAsi zvakatanga kupararira kunze kwenyika iyi kubva muna 2007 zvichienda mberi, pakaonekwa nyaya. kuputika muGeorgia uye, gare gare, muRussia neChinaMuna 2014, yakaita kusvetukira kumabvazuva kweEuropean Union kuburikidza ne Nyika dzeBaltic nePoland, zvichiita kudedera kukuru mumisika yenguruve yepasirese.
Kubva ipapo, hutachiona hwakapararira mukondinendi yese uye parizvino Inobata nguruve dzemusango uye, mune dzimwe nguva, mapurazi enguruve. mune dzinenge 13 Nhengo dzeNyika: Italy, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria neCroatia.. Kamwe chete, Belgium, Sweden, uye Czech Republic pachayo Vakakwanisa kupedza chirwere ichi mushure mekuputika kwega nekuda kwe matanho akasimba ekudzora mhuka dzesango.
Nyaya ya Alemania Zvainyanya kukosha: nyika, iyo yaive yakakura kwazvo mugadziri wenguruve muEurope, yakanyoresa nyaya dzayo dzekutanga muna 2020, zvakare munguruve dzemusango. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai Denmark uye Germany pachayoVakakwanisa kusimudza makiromita nemakiromita emafenzi munzvimbo dzemuganhu nemasango kuedza kudzivirira kufamba kwemhuka dzine utachiona.
Zvinoenderana neazvino data kubva ku World Organisation for Animal Health (WHO)Kubva muna Ndira 2022, ASF yakakonzera kufa kwe anenge mamiriyoni 2,2 enguruve munyika 69 uye nharaundaEurope ndeimwe yemakondinendi akaomarara: nyaya dzakataurwa zvinopfuura 5.200 kubuda kwenguruve dzepamba (dzakatenderedza 642.000 mhuka) uye pedyo ne 25.000 hotspots munguruve dzomusango, izvo zvakakonzera kurasikirwa kwekutenderera 1,5 mamiriyoni enguruve mumakore asingasviki matatu.
Muchirevo ichi, Spain yakanga yakwanisa kusabuda mairi. yechirwere kubva muna 1994, mamiriro ezvinhu zvino akavhiringidzwa nedenda rakaonekwa muColserola. Chikamu chinotorwa sea "Kupinda kamwe chete nekusvetuka kureba"Zvakafanana nezvakanga zvatoitika muBelgium kana munzvimbo dziri pedyo neRoma muna 2022, izvo zvinowedzera tariro yokukwanisa kuchengetedza nekupedza denda iri risingasviki kumapurazi enguruve.
Kuchengetedza nharaunda: kaviri kuchengetedza perimeter muColserola
Kamwe nyaya dzekutanga dzakanaka dzakasimbiswa, Generalitat yakamisa iyo contingency plan yeAfrica swine feverchibvumirano chinongoitwa otomatiki kana nyaya yasimbiswa mumhuka dzesango kana dzemumba. Chikamu chepakati chegadziriro iyi kugadzira a kaviri perimeter control kumativi apo mhuka dzine utachiona dzakaoneka.
Kune rimwe divi, a musimboti kana nzvimbo yehutachiona ine radius yemakiromita matanhatu yakatenderedza epicenter, inobata gumi nemaviri maguta muVallès uye metropolitan nzvimbo yeBarcelona: Sabadell, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Polinyà , Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Montcada i Reixac, Ripollet, Barberà del Vallès, Badia del Valles, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Terrassa uye RubÃMunzvimbo iyi, zvinotevera zvakatemerwa: kuvharwa zvachose kwekusvika kune zvakasikwa zvakasikwa.
Munzvimbo ino huru, Mabasa ese ekuvhima uye basa remasango anomiswa.uye basa ripi neripi panyika rokumaruwa risinganyanyi kukosha rinorambidzwa. Kuiswa kuri kuitika. zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri nemakemikari, misungo yekudzora nguruve yemusango uye nzvimbo dzekuuraya hutachiona, nechinangwa chekudzikisa kufamba kwemhuka nevanhu izvo zvinogona kufambisa kupararira kwehutachiona.
Bhandi rechipiri ndi surveillance zone ine radius yemakiromita makumi maviriiyo inovhara zvinenge 64 makanzuru uye inosvika kuhuwandu hwenzvimbo makumi manomwe nenomwe dzakakanganiswa nezvimwe zvezvirambidzoIyi perimeter inosanganisira chikamu chikuru che Colserola makomo uye kunyange zvikamu zveBarcelona's muganhu wemanisiparati. Here Mabasa ekutandara kunze ane mashomapamwe chete neaya ane chekuita nekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kana kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza zvinogona kukanganisa mabasa ekudzora nekubata mhuka dzesango.
Mumazuva okutanga, Rural Agents, Mossos d'Esquadra, Seprona, mapurisa emunharaunda uye matekiniki kubva kuDhipatimendi rekurima. Vakaisa basa guru-kuru ku tarisa nzvimbo dzekupinda, uchishingairira kutsvaga zvitunha zvenguruve yemusango uye kuona kuti zvirambidzo zviri kuzadzikiswa. Mukuita, zvakawanda zve Colserola Natural Park yakavharwa kumitambo yekutandara, kusanganisira nzira dzebhasikoro, mafambiro akarongwa uye nzvimbo dzepikiniki.
Bhuku rinoshanda rekushanda kweASF rinosanganisirawo kurambidzwa kwekuvhima munzvimbo yose ine utachionaIzvi ndezvekudzivirira dzvinyiriro yekuvhima kubva pakukonzeresa kufamba kwenguruve dzemusango munzvimbo dzisina zvirwere. Pamusoro pe, kusimbiswa kwekungotarisa (nzvimbo uye kuongororwa kwemhuka dzakafa kana idzo dzine zviratidzo zvinoenderana) uye kuoma kwe biosecurity matanho mumapurazi enguruve ari pedyo.
Impact pamapurazi enguruve uye biosecurity
Pamusoro pemhuka dzesango, chimwe chezvinonyanya kunetsa ndeye njodzi yeutachiona huchipinda mumapurazi enguruveParizvino, zviremera zvinosimbisa izvozvo Hapana nyaya dzakanaka dzaonekwa mumapuraziasi a yakakura kudzora mudziyo zvakapoteredza kutarisa.
MAPA neGeneralitat vakatsanangura a mukati me20-kilometer radius umo mapurazi ese enguruve akaverengerwaMunzvimbo iyi, zvinotevera zvakaonekwa 39 mapurazi ekugadzira nekupfuya, izvo 5 dziri munzvimbo dzekutanga makiromita gumi kubva pakati pekutarisa uye nevamwe 34 pakati pe10 ne20 makiromitaMune ose Vakarambidza kufamba kwemhuka uye zvigadzirwa kupinda nekubuda.uye zvikwata zvakavhurwa kuti zviitwe kuongororwa kwekiriniki, kuunganidza sampuli uye epidemiological analysis.
Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti Nguruve dzinochengetwa munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa kweinenge mwedzi yakawanda.uye zvinoonekwa kuti Nguva yezvirambidzo inogona kugara kwerinenge goretichifunga kuti iyi ndiyo nguva shoma inodiwa nemitemo yenyika kuti iwanezve rusununguko rweASF kana denda radzorwa.
The interprofessional Interporc akaziva izvozvo Mapurazi ari mukati meiyo 20 km radius achaona mashandiro avo ezuva nezuva akaganhurirwazvose mukufamba kwemhuka uye mukuita kwavo kwekutengeserana. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, vanosimbisa kuti kuoneka kwekutanga kwedenda remhuka dzesango kunoratidza yakakwirira yehutano hwekutarisisa uye kutonga kweSpanish system uye kuwirirana pakati pevatungamiri kuti vagadzirise chirongwa chechiitiko pasina kunonoka.
Masangano ezvekurima akadai Unió de Pagesos (UP) Ivowo vanoda kuti Ministry neGeneralitat vaite nekukasika asiwo ne kuenzana muzvirambidzo zvokutengeseranakuti udzivise kuwedzera kukuvadza kwehupfumi kusingapi hutano hwehutano. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanosimbisa kuti a kukurumidza kudzivirira kwechirwere Izvo zvakakosha kuchengetedza chikamu chese chekurima nguruve uye kudzivirira kuuraya kwakawanda kwemhuka kana hutachiona hwasvika kumapurazi.
Kuvhuvhuta kune kunze kwenyika: zvakavharwa zvitupa uye dunhu
Kubuda kwekubuda kamwe chete kweAfrica swine fever (ASF) kune mhedzisiro yekukurumidza kutengeserana kwenyika dzenguruve uye nyama yenguruve. Minister of Agriculture pachake, Luis Planas, akabvuma izvozvo Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheSpanish pork inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakatokanganiswa nekuda kwekuvharirwa kana kuongororwa kwezvitupa zvehutano.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neMAPA, Anosvika zana nemakumi maviri ezvitupa zvehutano kunze kwenyika zvakavharwa. zvine chekuita nemhando dzakasiyana dzenguruve zvigadzirwa, zvakanangwa nezve 40 nyika dzechitatuPakati penzvimbo dzakambomisa kana kuongorora zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika ndezvi Russia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, United States, Philippines, Japan, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Uruguay neVenezuela, pakati pevamwe.
Hurumende inobvuma izvozvo Spain yakarasikirwa kwenguva pfupi senyika isina African swine fever (ASF) neWorld Health Organisation (WHO).Izvi zvinoda kuongororwa kwezvitupa zvese zvaisanganisira izvi zvinodiwa zvehutano. Kune misika inobvuma iyo regionalization (ndiko kuti, mukana wekumisa veto chete kune yakakanganisika nzvimbo kana purovhinzi, uye kwete kunyika yese), vashandisi vachafanira kupa mamwe vimbiso dzekwakabva uye traceability apo mamiriro ezvinhu aripo.
Pepa re China Inonyanya kunzwisiswa muchiitiko ichi. Nyika yeAsia ndiyo mutengi mukuru weSpanish pork zvigadzirwa: mugore rapfuura yakaunza kunze kwenyika 545.000 matani enguruve kubva kuSpain, pamutengo unofungidzirwa we 1.100 mamiriyoni emamiriyoniUyezve, chakasarudzika chemusika uyu ndechekuti unowana, kusvika pamwero mukuru, kucheka uye ne-zvigadzirwa nekutengesa kwakaderera kune dzimwe nzvimbo (mapfupa, viscera, tracheas, offal…), iyo inobvumira chikamu cheSpanish kuti chigadzirise miganho uye kushandisa zvakanyanya chitunha.
Chibvumirano chehutano neBeijing chinosanganisirawo kusarudzika, kuitira kuti China yaizongorambidza kupinda kwezvinhu zvenguruve kubva mudunhu reBarcelonaNepo mamwe mapurovhinzi eCatalan neSpanish aigona kuramba achiendesa kunze. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyika yakatosarudza kumisa kutenga zvimwe zvinhu, senge macalibration casings kubva kuSpain yese, tichimirira tsananguro iri nani yehupamhi hwekuputika.
Mukutaura kwepasi rose, kutengeserana kwekunze kweSpanish nyama yenguruve kwakapoteredza 8.800 miriyoni euros pagore, izvo zvinenge 5.100 bhiriyoni inotengeswa kunze mukati meEU (uko, pari zvino, kuonekwa kwedenda muBarcelona hakuna kutungamira kuvharika) nevamwe 3.700 mabhiriyoni anonangidzirwa kunyika dzechitatuIri mune ino yekupedzisira bhuroka uko kune yakakura-yenguva pfupi kusagadzikana.
Kuita kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kunetseka munharaunda yenguruve
Mushure mekuzivikanwa kwechirwere ichi, Minister LuÃs Planas vakaita musangano wevatori venhau kukumbira "kudzikama, kungwara uye mutoro" uye kuona kuti hurumende ichashanda kuderedza kukanganiswa kwehupfumi zvakanyanya sezvinobviraAkataurawo kuti, maererano nemitemo yenyika, Rinenge gore rimwe chete rinofanirwa kupfuura kubvira nyaya yekupedzisira nyika isati yazvizivisa yakasununguka yeASF zvakare., sezvakaitika muzvikamu zvakapfuura muBelgium kana kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeItaly.
Kubva kuGeneralitat, Gurukota rezvekurima, Zvipfuyo, Hove uye Chikafu, Ã’scar Ordeig, akabvuma kuti Izvo zvinogona kuitika kuCatalan pig sector inokosha.kunyanya kana kuvharwa kwekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika dzisiri dzeEU kwakarebesa. Zvisinei, aida kusimbisa kuti Mapurazi eCatalan ari pakati peazvino uye akachengeteka muEurope, ine yakakwirira biosecurity zviyero izvo zvinofanirwa kubatsira kuchengetedza kubuda kwacho kuchingogara kumhuka dzesango.
The Generalitat inofungidzira izvozvo nezve 14 nyama yekugadzira zvidyarwa mupurovhinzi yeBarcelona Vanogona kukanganiswa nezvirambidzo zvakaiswa nemisika yakaita seChina, uye rangarira izvozvo Nguruve inosvika 19,3% yezvese zvekudya uye zvinwiwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuCatalonia. Mupfungwa iyi, the Mavhiki anotevera achave akakosha zvese zvine denda uye kutaurirana zvakare nevadyidzani vekutengesa avo vakasarudza kuvharira kunze kwenyika kwenguva pfupi.
Kubva mukati mechikamu, kushevedzera kwekudyidzana kuri kuwanda. Interporc Inosimbisa kuti mapurazi eSpanish atoshanda nawo zvirongwa zvakasimba zvebiosecuritynepo mamwe masangano, akadai se Spanish Hunting Federation (RFEC)Vanoyeuchidza vavhimi nezvekukosha kwekushandisa mitemo yehutsanana: kubata zvakanaka kwezvikamu, manejimendi chaiwo ezvigadzirwa, kuuraya utachiona hwemotokari nemidziyo, uye kuraswa kwemarara yebiology kwakadzora..
Sangano rekurima zvakare Union of Unions anosimbisa kuti inguva kudyidzana kwakanyanya pakati pemaneja, chikamu uye vagari kuwana kukurumidza kuparadzwa. Vave vachida nguva refu kutonga kukuru kwemhuka dzesangonekuti hosha dzakawanda, kusanganisira African swine fever, dzinowana munguruve dzemusango dziva rinoita kuti dziparadzwe.
Zvinokurudzirwa kune veruzhinji uye basa remhuka dzesango
Mukupindura kuvharwa kwenzira nenzvimbo dzechisikigo muColserola neVallès, Generalitat yakaita kukwidza mutoro wevagari vemoShoko racho rakajeka: dzivisa kupinda munzvimbo dzakarambidzwa uye kuremekedza mirairo yese yezvikwata zvekudzora kuitira kuti usafarira kupararira kwehutachiona.
Pakurudziro yakapihwa kumanisiparati akabatwa matanho anoita seakareruka asi akakosha, senge simbisa kucheneswa kwemabhini nemidziyotama makatsi anodyisa munzvimbo dzakakwirira uye yambira vanhu kuti Kudyisa nguruve dzemusango kunorambidzwa zvachose.Meseji iri pachena: mashoma ekukurudzira mhuka idzi kuti asvike kunzvimbo dzemumaguta, anodzikisa njodzi yekusangana nevanhu, marara, kana zvinhu zvingangosvibiswa.
Vakuru vanotiwo kana paine awana nguruve yemusango yakafa kana kuti inorwara munzvimbo yekutarisa kana mune chero imwe nzvimbo yenzvimbo, Haufanire kuibata chero mamiriro ezvinhu.Murairo ndewe kufonera the runhare 112 kuitira kuti masevhisi akakodzera anogona kutora chipfuwo uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuendesa kune diagnostic laboratories.
Nyanzvi mukutarisira mhuka dzesango, senge biologist Carme RosellVanosimbisa kuti zvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika zvinoratidza izvozvo Zvinokwanisika kudzora kubuda kwemhuka dzesango pasina iyo inosvika kune nguruve.kunze kwekuti chiito chinotorwa nekukurumidza uye kufamba kwemhuka nevanhu vari munzvimbo yakakanganiswa kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Vanotiyeuchidzawo izvozvo Hutachiona hunogona kufamba neshangu, vhiri rebhasikoro, kana kuti chassis yemotokari. kana vanga vachisangana neyakasvibiswa biological zvisaririra.
Naizvozvo, iwo matanho muColserola anosanganisira kutsvaga zvitunha zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzepakati, kuiswa kwe misungo inosarudzwaand the kuchengetedzwa kweperimeter ine disinfection point uye zvipingamupinyi zvemuviriChinangwa chikuru ndechekudzivirira African swine fever (ASF) kubva pakutsvaga nzira dziri nyore dzekusvetuka kubva kunguruve dzesango mupaki kuenda kune dzimwe mhuka dzesango kana mapurazi enguruve.
Kunyange gadziriro iyi ichiripo, Generalitat yakadana misangano yechimbichimbi nemameya, Barcelona Provincial Council, makanzuru ematunhu uye manejimendi eColserola Parkkuitira kuronga zviito uye kuona kuti ruzivo rwasvika kuvanhu zvakajeka. Zviremera zvinosimbisawo kukosha kwe bvunza chete kune zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa kugara uchiziva nezve shanduko yedenda uye kudzivirira kupararira kweruzivo rwenhema pasocial media.
Kuonekwazve kweAfrican swine fever muCatalonia, mushure memakore angangoita makumi matatu ekushaya kubva kuSpain, Izvi zvinomiririra yambiro yakakomba kune yese chikamu chekurimisa nguruve uye nekutarisira mhuka dzesango muEurope.Kunyangwe chirwere ichi chisina kukanganisa zvakananga pahutano hwevanhu, chinokanganisa ramangwana rezviuru zvemapurazi, inoedza biosecurity masisitimu, uye inoda kugara ichitariswa mafambiro emhuka nechigadzirwa. Masvondo anouya achave akakosha pakuona kuti denda muColserola richaramba riri mukati menguruve yemusango here kana kuti zvinoda kumwe kuedza kuchengetedza rimwe remakona ekugadzirwa kwechikafu cheSpanish.