Ni Hapana makuki, hapana mabheki akagadzirwa, hapana tumwe tune munyu, uye hapana zvinwiwa zvine shuga semupiro wenguva dzose pamatireyi evana. Hurumende yakafunga kutora rimwe danho muhurongwa hwayo hwekusadya zvakanaka uye yakazivisa izvozvo Zvokudya zveUltra-processed zvichapera kubva mumamenyu evana muzvipatara uye zvinopihwa zvakanangana nevadiki mumaresitorendi nedzimba dzekudyira dzenzvimbo idzi.
Chiyero, chinozotsanangurwa kuburikidza nea Chirevo chehumambo pakudya kune hutano muzvipatara uye mudzimba dzevanotarisiraIchatarisa kuedza kwayo kuvana vari muchipatara nevechiri kuyaruka, asiwo pane mamenu evana akavhurika kune veruzhinjiZviremera zvinosimbirira kuti chinangwa hachisi chemadhimoni chaiwo, asi kutanga miganhu yakasimba pane zvakakosha zvinovaka muviri (mafuta akazara, shuga uye munyu) kuderedza kuvapo kwezvokudya zvehutano hwakaderera munzvimbo iyo, zvine musoro, inofanira kuva yemuenzaniso maererano nehutano.
Ndedzipi shanduko mumamenyu evana muzvipatara nemudzimba dzinochengeterwa vakwegura?
Murau mutsva wamambo, uripo muchikamu chebudiriroIzvi zvicharatidza shanduko yemadyirwo anoitwa vana munzvimbo dzehutano. Rugwaro runotaura izvozvo Ultra-yakagadzirwa chikafu cheyakaoma maindasitiri ekugadzira kusabatanidzwa mumamenyu evana nevechiri kuyaruka vanobvumirwa, mose muri muviri mumakamuri uye mudzimba dzekudyira dzemukati.
Zvigadzirwa izvozvo ne Yakanyanya kugadziridzwa zvinongedzo, zvekuwedzera, uye hurombo humbowo profilesNdiko kuti, nemafuta akazara, shuga, kana munyu. Kutungamira kusarudzwa kwedzimwe nzira, kune zviwanikwa zviripo pa sei kusarudza zvokudya pasina additives izvo zvinogona kubatsira mukugadzirisa uye kutenga sarudzo dzine hutano.
Zvigadzirwa izvozvo ne Yakanyanya kugadziridzwa zvinongedzo, zvekuwedzera, uye hurombo humbowo profilesNdiko kuti, zvokudya zvine mwero wakakwirira wemafuta akaguta, shuga, kana munyu. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kubviswa kwechikamu chikuru che masnacks ane munyu, makeke emuindasitiri, zvinwiwa zvine shuga kana makeke emuindasitiri izvo zvichiri kuoneka pamatireyi netsamba dzevana.
Kurambidzwa hakungogumiri pakudya kunosvika pachirimwa. Ichashanda zvakare ku... zvikamu zvemenyu yevana mumakofi nedzimba dzekudyira zvakavhurirwa veruzhinji idzo dziri mukati mezvipatara nedzimba dzinochengeterwa vakwegura. Pfungwa ndeyekudzivirira "kusawirirana," mumashoko ehurumende, yenzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kurapa chirwere ichigara ichipa zvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nenjodzi yakanyanya yezvirwere zvakakomba.
Mashoko anobva kuMinistry anojekesa izvozvo Pachave pasina runyorwa rwe "zvakarambidzwa" chikafu nemhando kana chikamuasi pane miganhu yakajeka pane zvinovaka muviri izvo zvigadzirwa izvi hazvifanirwe kudarika. Mupfungwa, iyo reformulated shanduro, pamwe zviri nani zvinovaka muviriVanogona kuramba vachipihwa kana vakazadzisa zvinodiwa. Izvi zvine chinangwa chekukurudzira indasitiri kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzine hutano.
Chiyero chekutonga chichave chakapetwa kaviri: kune rumwe rutivi, iyo muchipatara vana nevachiri kuyarukaUkuwo, the dzimba dzevakwegurauko chinangwa chiri zvakare chekuve nechokwadi chekuti menyu ari padyo sezvinobvira kune hutano hwekudya maitiro, ane maruva akawanda, miriwo nehove uye zvishoma zvakagadziriswa zvigadzirwa.
Imwezve nhanho yekuenda kunzvimbo dzekudyira dzechikoro dzine hutano
Muyero weramangwana hausike kubva pakatanga. Inotora pane zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura kubva Chirevo chehumambo pane Hutano uye Yakagadzikana Chikoro Kudyira DzimbaMutemo uyu, wakabvumidzwa muna Kubvumbi, wakatochinja chikafu chechikoro. Rakaraira kuti kudya kwechikoro kutevedzere zvinokurudzirwa ne World Hutano Sangano (WHO) uye kubva kuSpain Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), kudzikamisa ndiro dzakafanobikwa sechikafu chechingwa, makombi kana pizza kamwe chete pamwedzi uye kurambidza makesi emuindasitiri nezvinwiwa zvine shuga mumakofi nemichina yokutengesa.
Chirevo chitsva chehumambo pazvipatara nedzimba dzevakwegura "vachatevera mumakwara" egadziriro yechikoro ichochoasi yakachinjirwa kuchikamu chehutano. Chinangwa ndechekugadzira miitiro shoma yehutano hwekudya uye kusimba iyo inoshanda sereferensi yechibvumirano, kutenga, uye kupa chikafu munzvimbo dzese idzi. Mune mamwe mazwi, mitemo yakajairwa yemutambo inotungamira zvakatemwa zvekubika, seta menyu, uye sarudzo dzekudyira.
Mukuita, izvi zvinoshandura mukati Mamenu evana ane huvepo hukuru hwema legumes, miriwo mitsva, michero, zviyo uye hove uye kushomeka kutsamira pane zvakafanobikwa uye zvehupenyu hurefu zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri; the gwara remabikirwo pasina ultra-processed foods Inopa mazano anoshanda echinjo iyoyo.
Chiyero chinotsigirwawo ne a kubvumirana kwakafara kwesayenzi nemagariro evanhuMasangano ehunyanzvi, masangano evarwere, masangano ehutano everuzhinji uye mapoka evagari vanga vachishoropodza kwemakore kuwanda kwechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa mumashini ekutengesa nemakafeteria munzvimbo dzehutano uye mirau inoda kuunza kurongeka munzvimbo ino yakaoma.
Kufutisa kwehudiki uye chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa: mamiriro ehutano muSpain
Chiziviso chechirevo chamambo chakaitwa mukati mehurongwa hwe Kurumidza kuronga kumisa kufutisaChirongwa ichi chinokurudzirwa pamwe chete nebazi rezvehutano neWHO. Spain yakasarudzwa seimwe yeavo 34 referensi nyika mukurwisana nekufutisa kwevana, dambudziko iro Gurukota rezvehutano, Mónica GarcÃa, rinotsanangura se "imwe yematambudziko makuru ehutano hwevanhu pasi rose."
Iyo data inotsigira kunetseka. Sekureva kweWHO neSpanish National Health Survey, nyika iri pakati pe Nyika dzeEurope dzine mwero wepamusoro wehuremu hwehucheche uye kufutisaPasi rose, muboka rezera re5-19, vanenge 20% yevana vakafuta, uye Spain inozvibatanidza nenyika dzeMediterranean dzinonyora nhamba dzakaipisisa.
Gurukota rinosimbisa kuti kufutisa chete "muromo wechando"Pazasi pane social determinants of healthsekusaenzana kwekuwana chikafu chine hutano, kusagadzikana kwehupfumi, kana kushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzakakwana dzekusimbisa muviri. Saka kusimbiswa kwezvirongwa zveveruzhinji izvo zvinofanirwa kupfuura kurudziro yemunhu uye kushandura nzvimbo yezvokudya uko vana vanofamba-famba.
Aya ndiwo mamiriro ayo National Strategic Plan yeKuderedza Kufutisa Kwevana (PENROI)Chirongwa chinosanganisira hushumiri gumi nemasere uye chinosanganisira matanho anopfuura mazana maviri ekugadzirisa dambudziko kubva kumakona akawanda: dzidzo, mutero, kuronga kwemadhorobha, kushambadza, uye, chokwadi, Chikafu muzvikoro nemuzvipatara.
Iyo yazvino data kubva ku ALADINO yekudzidza inonongedzera kune a kuvandudzika zvishoma: kudzikiswa kweanenge kwaonekwa 4,5 muzana mapoinzi mukuwanda kwehuremu muhuwandu hwevana. Zvisinei, Hurumende pachayo inobvuma kuti magariro nehupfumi gap Inoramba ichinyatsozivikanwa: pakati pemhuri dzine mari yakawandisa iri pasi pe18.000 euros pagore, huremu hwakawandisa muvana huri pedyo ne48%, asi mudzimba dzine anopfuura 30.000 euros inenge 29%.
Basa rezvikafu zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya mukudya kweSpanish
Sarudzo yekutora danho maererano nemamenu echipatara haigone kunzwisiswa pasina kufunga zvakaitika ne-ultra-processed foods muSpanish diet. ongororo yakakura yakaburitswa muThe Lancet, iyo inobatanidza zvidzidzo zvepasi rose zvinopfuura zana, inogumisa kuti muSpain Kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi kwakapetwa katatu. Mumakumi maviri emakore: vaenda kubva mukumiririra kwakatenderedza 11% yemakoriori anowanikwa nedzimba kusvika ku32%.
Kuwedzera uku zvakanyanya kutaurwa kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika dzakatipoteredzasezvakaita muItaly kana Portugal, uko mugove we-ultra-processed foods hausviki 25%. Mukupera kwemakumi masere, Spain yaive pedyo nenyika dzakaita seSouth Korea, ine huvepo hwakadzikama hwezvigadzirwa izvi; nhasi iri muna a nzvimbo yepamusoro-yepakati, pamusoro penyika dzakaita seArgentina, Mexico kana Brazil maererano nehuwandu hwemakoriyumu anobva kune zvakabikwa zvakanyanya.
Basa reLancet uye mishumo kubva kuWHO neUNICEF inotsanangura mafambiro ezvekudya zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya. kubvisa zvokudya zvitsva uye zvishoma zvakagadziriswakusanganisira chikafu cheMediterranean chikafu. Simba rinokurudzira shanduko iyi, sekureva kwenyanzvi, ndeye hupfumi: indasitiri iri kutendeuka zvinhu zvakachipa zvakaita sechibage, gorosi, soyabhinzi, kana mafuta emuchindwe muzvigadzirwa zvinoyevedza, zvinonaka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu, izvo zvine pundutso yekutengeserana.
Zvisinei, kubva pakuona kwehutano, chiyero hachina kunyanya kunaka. nguva dzose kudya kwe-ultra-processed foods yakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwengozi ye kufutisa, Type 2 chirwere cheshuga, hypertension, dyslipidemia, moyo uye cerebrovascular zvirwere, chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi, chirwere cheCrohn, kuora mwoyo, uye kunyange-zvinokonzera kufa.Vanyori ve macro-analysis vanotaura pachena nezve "kutyisidzira kuri kukura" kuhutano hweveruzhinji.
Nyanzvi dzakadudzwa muzvidzidzo izvi dziri kudaidzira hurumende kuti dzitore matanho ezvimiro: kuderedza kuvapo kwavo muzvikoro nomuzvipataravandudza mazita—kusanganisira yambiro dzakafanana nedzefodya—, dzora kushambadza kunonangana nevaduku, uye kushandisa mitero chaiyo mari yavo ichashandiswa kudzikisa mutengo wemichero, miriwo nezvimwe zvekudya zvine hutano kumhuri dzine zviwanikwa zvishoma.
Chii chinonzi ultra-processed food uye chii chicharambidzwa
Pasi pemaambura e "ultra-processed foods" inowira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa, kubva nuggets, pastries dzakagadzirwa kana zvinwiwa zvine shuga kunyange mamwe mayoghurt ane shuga, zviyo zvemangwanani, kana makiki anoita seasina mhosva. Chimiro chakajairika ndechekuti ivo gadziriro dzakaoma dzeindasitiriine zvakawanda zvinongedzo, kazhinji zvisingaonekwe zviri nyore kumutengi wepakati.
Ministry inojekesa kuti chinotariswa chechirevo chehumambo chichava pane izvo zvigadzirwa nazvo yakaoma maindasitiri ekugadzira, yakagadziridzwa zvinongedzo uye zvinowedzera, ane chimiro chekudya chinomira pachena kune a yakakwirira yemafuta akazara, shuga yemahara kana munyuMune mamwe mazwi, kwete chero chikafu chakagadziridzwa chichave chakanangana, asi izvo chete zvinosangana akati wandei maitiro ehurombo hwehukaro.
Izvi hazvireve kuti makuki ese, muto, kana zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvinopera kubva mumatireyi echipatara. Pfungwa ndeyekutanga quantitative nutrient thresholds izvo zvinoda kugadziridzwa kana kutsiva izvo zvinyorwa zvinopfuura izvo. Nokudaro, dzaigona kuchengetwa shanduro dzine shuga shoma, munyu mushoma, kana faibha yakawandakunze kwekunge vatevedzera miganhu yakatarwa.
Iyi nzira inoratidzwa zvakare sea kukurudzira kuindasitiri yezvekudyaKana ichida kuramba ichikwikwidza muzvibvumirano zvehurumende zvezvipatara, misha inochengeterwa vakwegura, kana zvikoro, ichafanira kuchinjira kubhejera kwayo kumitemo inodiwa zvikuru. Muchokwadi, mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope uko matanho akafanana akatorwa, a kuvandudzwa kunofambira mberi zvezvigadzirwa zvevana zvakawanda.
Hurumende inovimbisa kuti murwere uye kuzvitonga kwemhuriAvo vanoshuvira kushandisa marudzi aya ezvigadzirwa vari voga vachakwanisa kuzviita. Chii chinoshanduka ndechekuti iyo yehutano system pachayo haichazovapa zvakarongeka. menyu akagadzirwa neiyo institutionkunyanya kana zvasvika kuvanhu vanotambura vakaita sevana.
Hutano hweveruzhinji, kururamisira munharaunda uye shanduko kuenda kunzvimbo dzine hutano
Vakuru vanoona nezveSocial Rights and Health vanopikisa kuti kubviswa kwechikafu chakagadzikiswa zvakanyanya kubva mumamenyu evana hachisi chiitiko chega, asi kuti idanho rinotevera. nzira yakafara yehutano hweveruzhinji uye kururamisira munharaundaPablo Bustinduy akatsanangura kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi se "kutyisidzira kwakarongeka kuhutano hweveruzhinji, kuenzana uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza".
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kusimbiswa ndeche social chikamu chekufutisaHuwandu uhu hunoratidza kuti vana vanobva kumhuri dzinotambira mari shoma vanonyanya kuoneswa nharaunda dzechikafu dzisina kunaka, uko kune zvigadzirwa zvakachipa, zvakagadzikiswa zvakanyanya uye kuwana chikafu chitsva, chemhando yepamusoro kunonetsa. Nokudaro, nzvimbo uye mamiriro ehupfumi umo munhu anoberekerwa anoita basa rinokosha. zvinokurudzira zvakanyanya mikana yehutano muupenyu hwose.
KuHurumende neWHO, Zviremera zvehurumende zvine basa kugadzira nharaunda umo kusarudza sarudzo dzine hutano zvine musoro, zviri nyore, uye zvinokwanisika. Ndicho chikonzero chiito chiri kutorwa munzvimbo dzekudyira dzechikoro, mamenyu emuchipatara, mudzimba dzevakwegura, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemunharaunda, dzinotariswa nzvimbo dzekutanga mukurudziro dzepasirese. kuderedza kuratidzwa kune ultra-processed foods.
Nhaurirano dzesainzi dzichangobva kuitika dzakatosvika pakuenzanisa nzira dze indasitiri huru yechikafu yaimboshandiswa neindasitiri yefodyaKushambadzira zvine hukasha, kudzvanywa kwemitemo, uye mishandirapamwe yekudyara kupokana nezvehumbowo hwesainzi ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero zviri kukonzera dambudziko. Vedzidzo vanoongorora makambani akadai saNestlé, PepsiCo, Danone, Ferrero, Kraft Heinz, uye Coca-Cola sevatambi vakuru mumusika wepasi rose wezvekudya.
Muchiitiko ichi, mitemo inodzikamisa kuvapo kwezvigadzirwa izvi munzvimbo dzekufananidzira sezvo zvipatara zvinodudzirwa se zvematongerwo enyika nezvehutanoHutano hwehutano hahugoni kuve hwakarerekera kune zvekudya izvo kuwedzera kwakabatana nehupamhi hwezvirwere zvinodzivirirwa.
Nemutemo mutsva wavapo, hurongwa hweHurumende hwave kubatana zviitiko zvakawandaKudzorwa kwezvokudya zvekuchikoro, kukurudzirwa kwechirongwa chenyika chinopesana nekufutisa kwevana, uye ikozvino, kubviswa kwezvokudya zvakagadziriswa kubva kumamenyu evana muzvipatara uye mudzimba dzevakwegura. Iwo ehunyanzvi ruzivo rwechisungo achiri kuda kupedzwa, asi gwara rakajeka: kuderedza uremu hwezvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya mukudya kwevana uye kuunza mamenu enzvimbo dzeveruzhinji pedyo neizvo nharaunda yesainzi nemasangano epasi rese anga achikurudzira kwemakore.