Wakanga uchiziva here kuti izvo zvaunodya zuva rega rega zvinogona kupesvedzerwa nemakomisheni akaita senitrates uye nitrogen, inowanikwa mune zvese kubva kune isina mhosva lettuce kusvika kune yakagadzirwa nyama zvigadzirwa? Isu tinowanzo tarisa maitiro avo, asi kunzwisisa basa ravo mukudya kunogona kuita mutsauko mukuru kuhutano hwedu.
Kunyangwe ma nitrate achingove aripo muzvirimwa zvakawanda uye anoshandiswawo sezvinowedzera muindasitiri yezvekudya, kunyanyisa kushandisa kana kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kuunza njodzi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakuudza zvese, tichibatanidza iyo yazvino-kusvika-zuva uye yakazara ruzivo kuti iwe uzive maitiro ekuchengetedza hutano hwako zvirinani pasina kupira flavour kana siyana mukudya kwako.
Chii chinonzi nitrate uye nitrogen?
Nitrates makemikari emakemikari anoumbwa neatomu imwe yenitrogen uye matatu maatomu eokisijeni., iripo mumhoteredzo sechikamu chinokosha chekutenderera kwenitrogen. Izvo zvakakosha pakukura kwezvirimwa, ndosaka zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya sefotereza yekurima.
Zvechisikigo fomu, Anowanikwa muvhu, mumvura, uye chikafu, kunyanya mumuriwo wemashizha egirinhi. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvekudya sezvinowedzera (E249 kusvika E252), kunyanya kuchengetedza zvikafu zvakaita sesoseji, hams kana soseji, kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya uye kuchengetedza ruvara rwezvigadzirwa. Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve nzira yekusarudza yakaderera-chepfu chikafu chekudya kune hutano pano.
Nitrates mukudya kwedu inobva kupi?
Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana siyana, Yakawanda yenitrate yatinodya (pakati pe70% ne80%) inobva mumiriwo, kunyanya ane mashizha akaita sespinachi, arugula kana lettuce. Chimwe chikamu che10% kusvika 15% chinobva munyama yakagayiwa nemasoseji, uye pakati pe1% ne10% inogona kubva mumvura yekunwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekurima dzinoshandiswa fetereza yemakemikari.
Mhuka dzakarapwa dzine ma nitrate akawedzerwa nemaune kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwayo uye kuchengetedzwa kwemicrobiological. Celery, beet, radishes, uye celery zvakare yakapfuma munitrate, kunyangwe mune izvi zviitiko zvinoperekedzwa nemasikirwo antioxidants akadai sevhitamini C, iyo inoderedza njodzi yehutano. Kudya chikafu chitsva kwakakosha, uye unogona kuwana mazano ekubika chikafu chine hutano pano.
Chii chinoitika kune nitrate mumuviri wedu?
Kamwe kudyiwa, Muviri wedu unotora nitrate uye mamwe acho anoshandurwa kuita nitrites kuburikidza nekuita kwebhakitiriya mumuromo.. Aya ma nitrites anogona kubva ashandurwa kuita makomboni akaita se nitric oxide, ine hutano hwakanaka, kana nitrosamines, iyo yakabatanidzwa kune mamwe marudzi egomarara.
Nitrosamines ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kunetseka, sezvo vangangoita carcinogenic. Kugadzirwa kwayo kunofambiswa nekudyiwa kwenyama yakabikwa ine mapuroteni uye nenzira dzekubikisa dzakaita sekugocha kana kusvira pane tembiricha. Nechikonzero ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kudzikisira kudyiwa kwenyama yakagadzikiswa uye kusarudza imwe yemiriwo. Iwe unogona kuongorora zvinonakidza vegan mabikirwo senge tofu bolognese pasta pano.
Zvinogona kubatsira zvechirimwa-based nitrate
Kusiyana nezvinotendwa nevakawanda, Nitrates haisi nguva dzose inokuvadza. Iwo anobva mumiriwo, kunyanya kana achiperekedzwa neakasikwa antioxidants senge vhitamini C uye polyphenols, anogona kushandurwa kuita nitric oxide mumuviri, iyo inonamira tsinga yeropa uye inobatsira kuderedza BP.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvakaratidza kuti beetroot juice, somuenzaniso, inogona kuva nemigumisiro inobatsira pahutano hwemwoyo.. Saizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwemuviri uye hukama hunogona kuitika nekudzivirira kwezvirwere zveurourodegenerative zvakaonekwa. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve superfoods iyo inogona kukubatsira iwe, tarisa ichi chinyorwa pa superfoods.
Njodzi dzekushandisa zvakanyanya nitrate uye nitrites
Pasinei nezvinogona kubatsira, Kuratidzwa kune yakakwirira yenitrate, kunyanya mucheche nevana vaduku, inogona kuva nengozi.. Imwe yemigumisiro inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye methemoglobinemia kana "blue baby syndrome," umo hemoglobin haigoni kutakura oksijeni zvakanaka.
Muna 2008 na2010, EFSA yakaongorora njodzi ye nitrate mu sipinachi uye lettuce., kugumisa kuti, kunyange zvazvo mazinga akajairika asingamiriri dambudziko rehutano, kushandiswa kwepamusoro kunogona kuisa njodzi kuvana vaduku, kunyanya kana miriwo isina kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka kana kubikwa uye kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba. Kuti udzidze kudzivirira kudya kunokuvadza, unogona kuverenga zvakawanda pamusoro pezvokudya zvinokurumidza uye zvinokonzerwa nehutano. pano.
Kurudziro dzepamutemo pamadosi akachengeteka
European Commission yakagadzira a Inogamuchirwa Daily Intake (ADI) ye3,7 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri kune nitrate uye 0,07 mg/kg ye nitrites. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti, kunyangwe mukati mekudya kwemuriwo, vanhu vazhinji havapfuure huwandu uhu. Nekudaro, muvacheche kana vanhu vane chikafu chakanyanya mumuriwo wenitrate-rich, nhamba iyi inogona kusvika kana kudarika.
Regulation (EU) 2023/2108 yakadzikisa huwandu hwakabvumidzwa hwezviwedzero izvi muzvigadzirwa zvenyama., kuedza kuwana kuenzanisa pakati pekuchengetedza, microbiological kuchengetedza uye hutano hwevanhu. Uye zvakare, iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chikafu chine hutano chaunogona kutenga mumasupamaketi seAldi. pano.
Maitiro ekudzikisa kuratidzwa kune inokuvadza nitrate
Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekudzikisa njodzi pasina kusiya kudya-kwekudyara:
- Sarudza miriwo mitsva uye udzivise kuichengeta kwenguva yakareba pane tembiricha.. Mune purees uye soups, nguva dzose zvichengete mufiriji.
- Bika miriwo nekubika, sezvo iyi nzira inobatsira kuderedza chiyero che nitrate.
- Pedzisa kushandisa kwako miriwo nekudya kwakapfuma muvhitamini C, zvakadai semichero ye citrus, broccoli kana tsvuku tsvuku, sezvavanodzivisa kutendeuka kuva nitrosamines.
- Chengeta kudyiwa zvine mwero kwenyama yakagayiwa, nguva dzose uchitarisa mazita uye kusarudza zvigadzirwa pasina kuwedzera nitrites kana zvichibvira.
Basa reindasitiri yezvekudya
Indasitiri yezvekudya inoshandisa nitrate uye nitrites sekuchengetedza nekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya mukati inhibisa kukura kwebhakitiriya seListeria kana Clostridium botulinum. Vanobatsirawo kuchengetedza hunhu hwezvimwe zvigadzirwa, zvakaita sepingi ruvara rwemasoseji uye hams.
Kunyangwe izvi zvisanganiswa zvichidzorwa, European Commission yanga ichigadzirisa mazinga ayo anotenderwa kuderedza kuumbwa kwe nitrosamines pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kweiyo microbiological yechikafu. Pane zvitsva mumunda uyu, izvo zvinotsvaga kutsiva kushandiswa kweiyo synthetic nitrates nemamwe maitiro echisikigo, sezvakakurukurwa mune imwe nyaya yerabhoritari nyama. pano.
Nitrates mumvura yekunwa
Hunhu hwemvura hunokanganisawo kuratidzwa kwedu kune izvi zvinosanganiswa. Fetereza yekurima nemarara ezvipfuyo zvinogona kusvibisa ivhu repasi uye kusvika kumadziva., kuwedzera nitrate mazinga mune mamwe ega ega emvura.
Nenzira iyi, EPA inokurudzira muganhu we10 mg/L ye nitrate mumvura yekunwa (senitrogen). Zvirambidzo zvakafanana zvinoshanda kumvura yemubhodhoro. Zvinokurudzirwa kutarisa manyorerwo emvura yemamineral uye, kumaruwa, kuve nekuongororwa kwemvura yematsime nguva nenguva.
Musiyano pakati pezvakasikwa uye akawedzera nitrate
Nitrates inowanikwa mumiti yemiti haiiti ngozi yakafanana neiyo yakawedzerwa kune nyama.. Izvi zvinonyanya nekuti iyo yekutanga inopedzwa pamwe neakasikwa antioxidants, nepo ekupedzisira anosanganiswa nemapuroteni uye nzira dzekubika dzinosimudzira kuumbwa kwe nitrosamines.
Uyewo, Muviri unoshandura chirimwa nitrate kuita nitric oxide zvakanyanya, kupa zvikomborero zvakadai sekuvandudzwa kweropa, kuderedza ngozi yemwoyo, uye kutsigirwa kwemasimba ekudzivirira zvirwere.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi
Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki, pane mamiriro ezvinhu umo kuratidzwa kunogona kuva nengozi zvikuru.. Kuratidzwa kune yakakwira nitrate mumvura yakasvibiswa, semuenzaniso, inogona kukonzera chepfu kunyangwe kune vanhu vakuru, vane zviratidzo zvakaita sedzungu, kurwadziwa mudumbu, kutemwa nemusoro, uye methemoglobinemia.
Saizvozvo, nguva dzose uye yakanyanya kushandiswa kwenyama yakagadzirwa yakabatanidzwa neWHO kune njodzi yakawedzera yegomarara re colorectal. Kunyange zvazvo njodzi yacho iri pakati nepakati, haifaniri kuregererwa, kunyanya kana yakabatanidzwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sekusvuta kana kudya kwakaderera-fiber.
Maonero azvino uye mafambiro emangwana
Kuburikidza nemasangano akasiyana eEurope neAmerica, Mutemo wekushandiswa kwenitrate muzvokudya uri pasi pekuongorora nguva dzose. Chinangwa ndechekuchengetedza kushandiswa kwakachengeteka pasina kubvisa zvachose komboni iyo, kana yakashandiswa nemazvo, inopa hunyanzvi uye hutano mabhenefiti.
Uyewo, kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva hwekuchengetedza uye kusimuka kwechikafu chekudya zviri kutungamirira kukudzikira kunofambira mberi mukushandiswa kweizvi zvinowedzera. Nekudaro, kubviswa kwayo zvachose nhasi kungave kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu mune zvakawanda zvigadzirwa.
Nzira yakanaka ndeye kudya kwakasiyana, kwakadzikama uye kuziva, iyo inoderedza nyama yakagadziriswa, inoisa pamberi miriwo mitsva, uye inosanganisa masosi e nitrate ane antioxidants anovhara kuumbwa kweasingadiwe makomisheni.
Neruzivo rwese urwu, zviri pachena kuti nitrates nenitrogen haifanire kungoitwa dhimoni, asi kuti inonzwisiswa uye inotungamirirwa nehungwaru kuti iwane zvakanyanya kubva pazviri nekuderedza njodzi. Nekudya kwakanyatsorongwa, kwakapfuma kwezvirimwa, kusingadzoreki, tinogona kuramba tichifarira zvokudya zvedu pasina kukanganisa utano hwedu.
